If your storage drive is 64GB, 128GB, or larger, Windows will only offer NTFS or exFAT as options. Use the tool mentioned in Method 2 to force the drive into FAT32. "Device cannot read the JPG files"

Many modern storage drives come pre-formatted as (Windows standard) or exFAT (modern large-capacity standard). However, many older or specialized media devices only recognize the FAT32 file system. Common scenarios include:

Because you can't "convert" a picture into a disk format, a paper on this topic would likely be a or a speculative piece on embedding data into physical storage structures.

This report details the likely intent behind the search, clarifies the technical definitions, and provides the correct procedures for the user's probable goals: formatting a drive to FAT32 or transferring JPG files to a FAT32 drive.

A JPG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) file is a type of image file format used to store photographic images. It's a compressed file format that reduces the file size of an image while maintaining its quality. JPG files are widely used for storing and sharing digital photos.

It’s likely you want to put your JPG photos onto a drive that is formatted to FAT32 so they can be read by a specific device, like a car stereo, a digital photo frame, or an older TV. Apple Support Community How to Prepare a Drive for Your JPGs

You need to format a USB drive or SD card to so your TV, car stereo, or 3D printer can read your JPG images.

The built-in Windows tools are the simplest and safest option.